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"WHAT WERE FIGHTING FOR"
American Visions of National Purposes
and Social Relationships During World War II
A Documentary Source Problem
The images on the set of slides, which should be viewed in conjunction
with the identification of sources and reproduction of text on the following
pages, are taken primarily from popular, broad circulation magazines in
the United States during the years 1942 to 1945. Many are advertisements.
Others are magazine covers, posters or news stories. Nearly all of them
represent some attempt, through visual image alone or through a combination
of picture and words, to make a statement about the nature of an America
at war -- its ideals, its way of life, its pattern of social relationships
and social expectations, its vision of the things to be gained through
victory,
Of course, we cannot be absolutely precise about "whose" opinions these
visual statements represent. All of them seek in some way to reflect
public opinion. Some clearly seek to mold it. As images of wide
circulation created by those hoping to strike a resonant chord among the
American people, they provide evidence of American attitudes and aspirations
during World War II.
After reviewing the set of slides and noting their visual impact as well
as the accompanying texts, write your own account of the imagery of national
purpose and social order in the United States during World liar II. You
should develop your account in a paper of 5-6 double-spaced, typewritten
pages, in which you establish some sense of unity or focus by exploring
one or two themes in depth, or set forth some general thesis about American
attitudes with several sub-themes. Some of the images depicted or attitudes
expressed may run counter to others in the series. Do not ignore these
contradictions. Provide the reader with a context in which to understand
the materials you describe and attempt, when appropriate, to describe
the pictures as well.
| 1. "Land of the Free," Time Magazine cover,
July 6, 1942. |
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| 2. "United We Win," World War II Poster, circa.
1942. |
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| 3. "For the Fighter ... and his Dream!" Fortune,
October, 1944, p. 52.
The fighter must have something to fight for as well as something
to fight with. It is industrys task to back him with the weapons
he needs today and the tools he will need tomorrow.
Blaw-Knox -- now totally at war -- makes its own long list of war
weapons, as well as basic equipment to aid other manufacturers in
their war efforts. And when the international reconstruction program
begins, Blaw-Knox will supply a wide range of equipment to speed
it....
Blaw-Knox Co., foundry, piping, steel castings, chemicals.
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| 4. "Spirit of 1943!" Life Magazine, January
25, 1943, p. 15.
Modern methods, modern efficiency -- but the same old flaming spirit
of 1776. What else could give men the vitality to produce
tanks, gulls, planes, armaments in such enormous quantities? What
else could enable the railroads of America to handle millions of
troops with such precision and smoothness .... to haul twice the
tonnage of war materials pre-war experts estimated them capable
of .... to take over the great oil and miscellaneous cargoes of
coastwise shipping, and yet keep war transportation rolling smoothly?
That spirit, as much as mechanical excellence and natural resources,
is America's tower of strength. Pennsylvania Railroad is proud to
pay tribute to it, and to be a part of it.
Pennsylvania Railroad.. serving the nation
Buy United States War Bonds and Stamps..
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5. Her Man is "Out There." Life Magazine, January 13,
1943, p. 20.
Her Uniform -- and His -- Come First Nothing Else Matters.
She hasn't heard from him. The day after he went away she put on
a work-uniform and went to work in a cotton mill. An 8-hour stretch,
so she can put their boy through school. If she's worried, she doesn't
let anybody see it. Nothing at Pepperell is so vital as seeing that
her man gets his fighting clothes -- and that she and her millions
of sisters in other plants throughout America get theirs. Every
Pepperell worker wants war-orders to come first. Arm in arm with
the textile industry We're filling them fast and asking for every
new challenge. If you find fewer Pepperell Sheets and Blankets in
the stores, you know that more Pepperell Fabrics are working for
her and her man. Nothing else counts.
Victory is Everybody's Business.
Pepperell Manufacturing Company, Boston, Massachusetts..
Linings for Shoes; Twill for Army Shirts, Flannel for Bandages,
Pocketing for Uniforms, Abrasive Cloth for Machines, Sheets for
Hospitals and Targets, Airplane Cloth, Towels for the Army, Chambray
for Navy Shirts, Marquisettes for Head Nets, Rayon Linings for Uniforms,
Blankets for Merchant Ships..
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6. "Let's Drop Down at Middletown for Gas and a Bite of Lunch,"
Time magazine, June 26, 1944, p. 73.
That's you in the driver's seat of your 194X family airplane. You're
off for the weekend with the wife and kids. There are only 300 miles
to the end and the gas gauge says "half full." Your stomach says
"empty."
So, you drop down at Middletown for gas and a bite of lunch. As
casual and commonplace as that!
Yes, driving your own post-war plane will be as easy and carefree
as driving your car. And just as in your car, a panel of Steward-Warner
instruments, simple and accurate, will guide you on your way....
While the aircraft industry is developing planes that are practically
"foolproof," Steward-Warner is planning the instrument panels by
which you can travel in complete confidence. Each will be the result
of years of experience in producing instruments for cars. To this
"know-how" will be added the priceless skills gained in producing
instruments for wartime planes as well as combat vehicles.
Look forward then to days of peace when you and your family can
take to the air ... and travel far and fast in a bright, safe, new
world.
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| 7. Cover, Saturday Evening Post, April 18,
1942. |
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| 8. Cover, Saturday Evening Post, November
6, 1943. |
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| 9. Cover, Saturday Evening Post, September
4, 1943. |
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| 10. Cover, Saturday Evening Post, December
30, 1944. |
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| 11. Cover, Saturday Evening Post, May 26,
1945. |
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| 12. Cover, Saturday Evening Post, June 9,
1945. |
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13. "My boy went to war today," Life magazine, May 3,
1943, p. 57.
"I'm a lucky mother. Since my boy went off to war there has been
a way I could still be of help to him, even on the battlefield.
For down at Revere were making what he needs most as a soldier
in freedom's army -- good weapons. Since my husband's death ten
years ago, Ive raised our five children and paid off the mortgage
on our home by helping to make Revere metals. It seems Providence
must have guided me into this work at Revere, by preparing me to
take a real part in protecting my boy and my country.
"My native Poland was the first to be destroyed. The Nazis would
like to do the same to America. But if Revere production can stop
them, they'll never have the chance.
"All our children and grandchildren can live as free Americans
instead of slaves, if those of us at home work hard enough to give
our fighting men all they need. I have nearly everything a woman
could want for easy housekeeping. A modern range, electric refrigerator
and fine electric appliances to save my strength and time.
"After work I must do my shopping, then cook dinner. Some women
complain about rationing, but without it I'd never be able to buy
proper foods so late in the day.
"I've been able to raise and educate a family, buy and furnish
our home. I'm even a stockholder in Revere. I'm working for it all.
Now I'm working also to help my boy fight."
When "Big John" Tomczky, Mary's husband, was no longer here to
take care of things, she assumed the responsibility instead. Mary
had never before worked in a plant, but through Revere she was able
to learn, to earn promotions, to pay off the mortgage on their home,
to raise and educate five children. And through American freedom
of enterprise it was your own purchases of products containing copper
that enable her to win security and independence for those she loves.
When Revere's facilities once again can be turned to production
for better peacetime living, Revere workers, by serving you, will
be able to maintain their happiness and dignity as free Americans.
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14. "Volunteer Boards Do The Hard Work of Rationing..." Life,
January 11, 1943, 26-27.
(caption under picture) The faces of these Bristol, Conn. ration
board members are friendly but firm, showing they want to give all
their neighbors a square deal. This board's worst headaches are
over gasoline and fuel oil (which is scarce in Bristol). They worked
out their own effective plan for car-pooling by defense workers.
Members of the Bristol, Conn. Ration Board (above) are not much
different from the plain Americans who run 5,500 other local boards
in the U.S. Their chairman, Joseph M. Donovan (center), is a cigar-chewing
lawyer whom almost everybody calls "Judge." He tries to use common
sense in applying the directives from Washington, some of which
are so complicated that they make him "sore as hell." But he likes
Leon Henderson and is sorry he quit. Mrs. Florence Sanborn (seated,
right) is a motherly woman, superintendent of the Bristol Hospital
and an expert on diet. She will be in charge of the canned goods
rationing. Others (l. to r.): Valmore Pion, assistant superintendent
in a war plant; Mrs. Claire Hotkoski, housewife, now an ordnance
inspector; Milton C. Richardson, a metal forger; and Christen Wyrtzen,
a factory superintendent. (John C. Donovan, extreme right, was paid
office manager, has left since picture was taken).
The success or failure of wartime rationing depends to a large
extent on the actions of boards like this. Some of the local boards
have been guilty of abusing their powers, browbeating citizens and
showing favoritism. But by and large thousands of volunteer members
of such boards have been doing remarkably well at a tough task,
for which they get paid nothing at all.
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15. "A quiet street but A FIGHTING STREET" Life, April
19, 1943, p. 39.
These homes were built as havens of peace in a peacetime world.
Now they've hung out the battle flag -- the red, white and blue
banner of the V-Home.
Inside those walls, the war is being fought as tenaciously as on
any battle front. It is a war of saving and thrift, of conservation
and salvage, of doing with what you have, of lending all you can
to your government.
Careless rumors or disrupting talk don't start here. Valuable fats
don't go down the drain. Basements and attics are bare of scrap
-- and keep so.
The fathers in these homes are planning Victory Gardens, sharing
their cars, putting aside at least 10% every payday for War Bonds.
Mothers are mending clothes carefully, turning outgrown clothes
over to other homes, keeping household appliances in good running
order, planning nutritious, health-building meals.
Children are turning out electric lights when they leave the room,
eating whats on their plates without waste putting their pennies
into War Stamps, hanging up their clothes when they come in.
The Hoover Company believes that every home in America should be
a V-Home. As it worked in peacetime for the conservation of homes,
it is working now, with the materials of war for their conservation....
that fighting streets may again become peaceful streets.
The HOOVER COMPANY, North Canton, Ohio
V-Homes conserve food, clothing, furnishings -- but never hoard.
V-Homes salvage essential metals, rubber, kitchen fats -- regularly.
V-Homes don't spread rumors. They know that careless talk may cost
lives. V-Homes buy War Bonds and Stamps -- at least 10% of income.
V-Homes display this sticker after local OCD wardens check the home
and sign the sticker.
The Hoover, it beats, as it sweeps, as it cleans..
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16. "Boys, I'll tell you what Free Enterprise really is!" Saturday
Evening Post, April 22, 1944, p. 88.
"It's a lot of little things -- and some mighty big things, too.
"But in a nutshell, it's our right to live our own lives, run our
own jobs and our own businesses in our own way -- without needless
interference.
"It's our right to criticize the government, bawl out the umpire,
or make a speech on the public square. It's our right to travel
when and where we choose-to work or not, as we please,
"It offers opportunity to anyone who really wants it. It
rewards thrift, hard work and ingenuity. It thrives on competition
and raises our standard of living. It encourages invention, stimulates
research and promotes progress.
"It offers us a chance to save and invest and build and grow.
"Under Free Enterprise men who have faith in an idea can take risks
to develop it. Our railways started that way. So did the motor car
industry and oil and steel and aviation and scientific mechanized
farming.
"Free Enterprise made small shops and factories into big ones --
and then started more small ones. And now, fighting a desperate
war in which production will turn the scale, America is outproducing
every other country in the world, hands down -- and is doing it
faster and better.
"Yet in spite of all this, some folks would like to change our
American way of doing things -- and rebuild our whole country under
a new and different system.
"If they had their way, Tom here wouldn't own this store. He'd
be regimented with a lot of other storekeepers and told how to run
his business by some bureaucrat who probably never tended store
in his life.
"Ed's farm would belong to the state, and Ed would be told how
to run it and what to raise by someone he wouldn't even know.
"Jim would be working for a state-owned factory -- with his job
and wages frozen. And I don't know where we country doctors
would be.
"We fellows aren't rich -- and probably never will be. But we've
got a lot of self-respect and religion and decency and common sense.
We own our own homes and farms, send our kids to college, have cars,
radios, and a lot more of the luxuries of life than millions of
people living under fancy political systems and 'planned economies'
in other countries.
"Sure, we're willing to put up with a lot of irritating things
right now -- in order to win the war -- but I don't believe we'll
stand for being pushed around much after it's over.
"Frankly, I don't like the name Free Enterprise for the system
under which this country has grown great. I'd rather call it American
Enterprise, because it's the most American thing we have. It really
is America. Let's keep it."
Republic Steel
Buy War Bonds and stamps -- and keep them!
The Army-Navy E flag waves over seven Republic plants and the Maritime
M floats over the Cleveland District plant.
Republic Steel... production for victory.
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17. "Until I Come Back" Saturday Evening Post, February
27, 1943, p. 7.
We're over 20,000 feet now (the coffees frozen in the thermos)
and that's the Zuyder Zee below. We must be halfway across Holland.
Funny thing what happens to a fellow. These are the same old stars
and the same old moon that the girl and I were looking at last summer.
And here I am -- flying 300 miles an hour in a bubble of glass with
ten tons of TNT.
Somehow this isn't the way I imagined it at all, the day I enlisted.
Don't get me wrong -- sure I was sore at the Japs and Nazis -- but
mostly, it was the thrill of the Great Adventure.
Well, I know now -- the real reasons -- why I'm up here
paying my first call on Hitler. It's only when you get away from
the U.S.A. that you find out what the shootin's really about and
what you're fighting for.
I learned from that Czech chap in London. The refugee, the nice
old fellow who reminded me of Dad except for the maimed hands. I
was dumb enough to ask about it. "I got that," he said, "for writing
a book the Nazis didn't like..."
Then there was the captured German pilot who screamed and spit
when Izzy Jacobs offered him a cigarette... how do fellows get that
way? And that crazy Polish pilot -- the fellow who rammed the Messerschmitt.
After the funeral I learned what was eating him. Seems as how he
has a sister in Warsaw who had been sent to a German officers' club...
I hope to hell Hitler's home tonight... light and wind are perfect.
Yes, sir, I've met 'em by the dozens over here -- guys warped by
hate -- guys who have had the ambition beaten out of them -- guys
who look at you as if you were crazy, when you tell 'em what America
is like.
They say America will be a lot different after this war. Well,
maybe so. But as for me, I know the score... you learn fast over
here. I know now there's only one decent way to live in this world
-- the way my folks lived and the way I want to live.
When you find a thing that works as good as that -- brother be
careful with that monkey-wrench.
And there's one little spot -- well if they do as much as change
the smell of the corner drug store -- I will murder the guy.
I want my girl back, just as she is, and that bungalow on Maple
Avenue.... I want that old roll-top desk of mine at the electric
company, with a chance to move upstairs, or quit if I want to. I
want to see that old school of mine, and our church, just as they
are because I want my kids to go there. That's my home town....
Keep it for me the way I remember it, just the way I see it now
- until I come back.
NASH KELVINATOR
Published in the belief that here at Nash Kelvinator we carry a
double responsibility - not only to build the weapons for victory
but also to build toward the kind of a future, an American future,
our boys will want when they come back.
Reprints of this advertisement suitable for framing will be sent
on request.
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18. "100 New York Girls Bow to Wartime Society in Mass Debut
at the Ritz and dance cotillion to 'Praise the Lord and Pass
the Ammunition,'" Life, January 4, 1943, p. 17.
Caption on adjoining page: Picture of the Week... The war rolled
one hundred society debuts into one party at New York's Ritz-Carleton
on Dec. 21. Money which the debs' parents would have spent on private
affairs they invested in war bonds totaling $86,000. Cost of the
party ($3,000) was paid by Coty (perfume) and the New York Infirmary
benefited by $10,000 from the sale of tickets. Most of the young
men in white ties and tails (opposite) were dancing their last cotillion
before their draft call.
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19. "She's Engaged! She's Lovely! She uses Pond's!" Life
Magazine, January 4, 1943, p. 67.
Shirley Barnard... daughter of Mr. and Mrs. G. B. Barnard of La
Canada, California, engaged to H. Bernard Sait, now with the Army
at Fort Benning, Georgia.
Wartime "Flight-watch" Girl Shirley is on duty from 6 p.m. to 1
a.m. six nights every week in the Communications Department of Pan
American Airways, Pacific Division. Above -- she is operating a
recorder of a Link Trainer while a Clipper Captain polishes his
blind flying.
Over 2,000 miles of U.S.A. stretch between Shirley and her soldier
fiancé. "So, naturally," Shirley says, "we're both counting
the days until Barney comes home on leave."
He'll find a radiant Shirley waiting to greet him - a golden-haired
girl with a complexion that is cameo-lovely -- it's so fine, so
smooth.
"Yes, I do take good care of my skin," she confessed. "But
I don't spend much time on it. Just my Pond's creamings every
day. They make my face feel just lovely and soft and clean as
can be."
Shirley smooths Pond's Cold Cream all over her face and throat.
Pats -- gently -- to soften and release dirt and make-up. Tissues
off well. "Rinses" with more Pond's for extra softening and
cleansing. Tissues off again.
She's Wearing His Phi Delta Pin until Barney's next leave when
they'll buy her engagement ring together. "He didn't want to pick
it out without me," Shirley said.
On duty -- or off duty, Shirley's complexion has a flower-fresh
look "Thanks to my precious Pond's Cold Cream," she says.
Copy her Pond's skin care every night -- for daytime clean-ups,
too. You'll see why war-busy society women like Mrs. John Jacob
Astor, Mrs. Allan A. Ryan, use Pond's -- why more women and girls
use it than any other face cream. Ask for the larger sizes - you
get even more for your money. All sizes popular in price. At beauty
counters everywhere.
It's no accident so many lovely engaged girls use Pond's.
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20. "Shipyard Worker, Richmond, California, 1942," Dorothea Lange,
photographer.
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21. "Marian Anderson at last Sings in D.A.R. 's Hall" Life
Magazine, January 25, 1943, p. 102.
Caption on top picture: In Washington's Constitution Hall Marian
Anderson faced a capacity audience of 3,800 people, a third of them
Negro. Whites and Negroes sat side by side.
Caption on lower picture: Mrs. Roosevelt sat with Lady Noble, wife
of British Admiralty delegation chief (left) and Mrs. Morgenthau.
Even for Washington, audience was notable. Money raised, including
Miss Anderson's fee, went to United China Relief.
On Jan. 7 in Washington, a modern musical cause celebre --
that of Marian Anderson vs. the Daughters of the American
Revolution -- came to an end when the Negro contralto finally sang
in the D.A.R.'s Constitution Hall.
It took almost four years of dispute before the D.A.R. and Miss
Anderson could come to terms. In 1939, the D.A.R. refused to let
Miss Anderson sing in their hall because she was Negro. A fierce
protesting storm blew on the D.A.R. for its discrimination but the
D.A.R. kept a stiff neck against it, even when Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt
resigned as a Revolutionary Daughter in protest, and even after
Miss Anderson gave a historic substitute open-air concert to 75,000
people in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington.
A few months ago, the D.A.R. planned a series of war-relief concerts
in Constitution Hall. Reversing themselves, the Daughters invited
Miss Anderson to sing. She agreed providing the D.A.R. promised
not to Jim Crow the seating arrangements and not to ban her in the
future. The D.A.R. accepted the first provision, refused the second.
There was more arguing. Finally Miss Anderson agreed. When she walked
out on the stage of Constitution Hall, the place was packed. As
always, she sang simply and beautifully.
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22. "... I helped cook 'em in my kitchen!" Life, January
18, 1943, p. 15.
This is more of a woman's war than any war that has ever been fought!
From the heroic nurses of Bataan ... to the women at home faced
with the problem of preparing nutritious wartime meals for their
families we're all playing a vital part in helping to win this war.
But there's another way we can show our patriotism that many of
us have probably never considered ... and this is by avoiding wasteful
use of Gas ... in cooking and especially in house heating and water
heating.
Most people think of Gas only as a household fuel ... the truth
is, it's also used in making nearly every kind of fighting weapon
that goes to our men ... planes, ships, tanks, guns, bombs!
Gas makes them faster ... and that means lives saved! Its
much more economical ... and that affects all our pocketbooks. It's
easier to control ... and that means finer planes, better equipment
for our husbands and sons!
Meeting Wartime Needs...
1. For Gas Fuel. Today the Gas industry is producing more Gas
than at any time in history. Yet because of the difficulty in
transporting fuel oil and coal to make manufactured Gas -- and
because of the shortage of materials with which to enlarge plants
or build new natural gas pipe lines -- there may be times in some
sections when the demands of war production will reduce the amount
of Gas normally available for household use. It is for these reasons
you are urged to use Gas wisely - don't waste it.
2. For nutrition information. If you are one of the 85 million
who depend on Gas for cooking, feel free to ask your Gas Company
for the latest information on preparing nutritious wartime meals.
American Gas Association....
GAS... is vital to war production ... use it wisely!
Buy War Bonds today save for the Certified Performance Gas range
of tomorrow.
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23. Factory Workers -- Connecticut. The number of black women in
industry increased by 11.3% during the war. The Home Front, U.S.A.,
p. 98.
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24. "Old Joe said to Young Joe..." Saturday Evening Post,
Feb. 12, 1944.
"... when you get over there in the thick of it, son, you wont
have time to think about the fancy ideals you're supposed to be
fighting for. You'll be interested mostly in shooting straight,
and shooting first.
But some night when you're lying out under the stars, you'll probably
figure the whole thing out - and it will be very simple.
You'll realize that you're fighting to protect the kind of decency
and freedom you were raised in - and will want to raise your kids
in, too.
You will be fighting to protect the opportunity that all Americans
have of starting at the bottom and getting to the top - and that's
typically American.
You're fighting to protect your right to live your own life in
your own way without being pushed around by some bright young bureaucrat
who wants to do all your planning for you.
That about all there is to it, son. But it's mighty worth while
- this business of keeping our freedom - of sticking to the things
that have made America great.
I've often thought that our own family was a pretty good example
of what can happen in this country - and nowhere else. I started
doing odd jobs in this very hardware store, when I was ten years
old. Made up my mind I'd own it some day. Nothing in the world to
stop me - if I really wanted it.
We didn't have cars and trucks and airplanes in those days. No
radios. No telephones, movies or electric lights.
I didn't have much education - didn't have the time or money to
get it. But I made up my mind that my own children would have some
of the things I didn't have.
You've had a good education. You went to college. You've traveled
around the country in your car. You've seen how the other fellow
lives. You keep up to date through the radio and your reading.
And son, it's hard to believe that most of the inventions, advantages
and improvements that have made you more efficient and more comfortable,
have happened in my lifetime.
But that's what I'm talking about. That's the power of America.
We've got push in, this country - and ingenuity - the determination
to keep on getting strong and better all the time.
And all of us have got to see that nothing stops that kind of progress
neither enemies from the outside, nor from the inside.
You're a chip off the old block, son. You think about the way I
do. You work hard - very hard. But you've had more advantages than
I had. And youre a better man in every way. You'll go farther.
Just remember this, my boy - you're a free agent. Your future is
under your hat. You have seen what our American way of doing things
has meant to you and me and millions of others, in opportunity,
progress and happiness. That's what youre really fighting
for, son. You put the heat on, over there and I'll put it on over
here."
Republic Steel..
Buy War Bonds and Stamps.. The Army-Navy E flag waves over seven
Republic plants and the Maritime M floats over the Cleveland District
plant.
Republic Steel. Production for Victory.
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| 25. "Cartoon," Saturday Evening Post, March 13, 1943,
p. 59. |
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26. "Freedom of Speech," illustration and poster by Norman Rockwell
from his series "The Four Freedoms." First appeared in Saturday
Evening Post, February 20, 1943, p. 12.
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| 27. Women employees at an aviation plant in Long Beach,
California. The Home Front, U.S.A., cover. |
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| 28. "Freedom from Want," illustration and poster by
Norman Rockwell from his series "The Four Freedoms." First appeared
in Saturday Evening Post, March 1943, p. 12. |
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29. "How American it is - to want something better!" Life,
January 11, 1943, p. 40.
Whether it's putting together limestone, coke and air to make amazing
new plastic automobile bodies for post-war models or finding a way
to design a new and better hairpin, in normal times this land of
ours is always striving to "top" yesterday's best.
And this constant search for something better doesn't stop with
the makers and the sellers of better things. It goes
right on through to the buyers and shoppers of the
land.
Beginning back in 1840, word went around that there was "something
better" in ales. Since then, millions of Americans, ever willing
to try, have sampled it critically. And when they found the "purity,"
the "Body," the "Flavor," its famous 3-ring trade mark promised,
the samplers promptly made it...
America's largest selling Ale.
To speed the day when we can have more "better things" buy war
bonds and stamps.
P. Ballantine & Sons, Neward, N. J.
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30. "That the Brave may Return to the Land of the Free" Fortune,
May, 1943, p. 157.
We work and fight for our survival and destiny as a free land in
a free world, This is our creed - the source of our will-to-win
and the indomitable spirit that leads us to Victory.
When the forces of aggression are destroyed and freedom no longer
menaced, the ingenuity and capacity learned in the hard school of
war can turn to the tasks of peace. The rebirth of free enterprise
will set new standards of living - provide plenty for all.
For the ability of America's industrial leaders to unite precision
- speed - and mass production - to explore new paths in technology
and invention - while building weapons of war - is in itself the
forecast of a better world to come.
The machine tools we build here at Kearney & Trecker to speed
the production of armaments today, and the new machines still on
the drafting boards, will contribute their part of the more abundant
life to come.
Kearney & Trecker Corp., Milwaukee Wisconsin.
Buy Victory with War Bonds.
Milwaukee Machine Tools.
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31. "The Earth and I are Friends Now" Life Magazine, October
16, 1948.
Last year I never thought of the earth except as something to walk
on. But in the spring I turned up sod and planted seed. Summer -
grubbing for weeds and watching things grow - I got friendly with
the land.
Well, it's autumn now. The crop wasn't big - but fair enough. And
something good has happened to our family! We've weeded and
watered and hoped together. And said our table blessing over
our own harvest.
It seems to me that my family has come back to some important things.
Come back to one another - and to our good soil. Come back to being
neighbors with the family whose garden row begins where ours leaves
off.
We're all closer now. Closer to the men whose prayers - so much
more than ours - are tied to earth and sun and the early frost.
We know now what's in a farmer's mind when his fields are sick with
blight. We know how he feels when his eyes look up for rain.
Yes, now we know something about this earth. Respect it.
And respect the people who tend it. And we know that the fruits
of the earth which we used to take for granted - bread and milk
and green things - are hard-earned and hard-won.
This is our land. As it was so many years back - when the
harvest of the land alone sustained our people. Our land ... our
harvest.
In appreciation of the big job being done by our partners, the
professional farmers of America... and by the new millions of amateur
farmers, this message is presented.
Dedicated to the wider and better understanding of dairy products
as human food... as a base for the development of new products and
materials... as a source of health and enduring progress on the
farms and in the towns and cities of America.
Kraft.... Sealtest.... Breyers....
National Dairy Products Corporation and Affiliated Companies.
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32. "Will the helicopter replace the automobile?" Saturday Evening
Post, May 13, 1944, p. 70.
We don't know. But we do know what will decide that question. It
will be the free choice of American buyers.
The American is long accustomed to exercising this choice in the
world's most extensive market. He sits in judgment upon the excellence
of competing products. His interest decides the fate of new inventions.
His free choice determines which of the countless new goods and
services offered to him shall become generally accepted.
The enemy presumed to believe that the exercise of freedom to choose
had made Americans soft and weak and unfitted for war-making; but
the enemy misjudged.
In exercising the freedom to choose, American men and women satisfied
their desires for comforts and conveniences - but they did a great
deal more than that. In expressing their demands and disclosing
their preferences, they spurred the growth of American industry
to a scale unequaled in any other nation; in pursuing the advantages
of peace, they built the power to war.
In extending the freedom of choice, in preparing industry for war,
in progressing the war, and in speeding the peace, the printing
press is an indispensable aid.
Printed booklets, folders, and advertisements made it possible
for Americans to study the offerings of industry and to choose among
them. Printing made it possible for manufacturers to expand their
selling efforts and to gain growth.
Now, printing is the means for urging the public to buy war bonds,
for teaching methods of conserving, for instructing war workers
and fighters and for mapping routes and channels for military and
naval forces.
Soon printing will transmit the information that will be needed
to speed the conversion of factories for the production of peacetime
products ....
BETTER PAPER -- BETTER PRINTING
Warren's Standard Printing Papers
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33. "She's a 'Covered Wagon' Girl." Saturday Evening Post,
April 15, 1944, p. 103.
I got a job driving a truck when Paul went across. I'm hauling
the stuff they fight with.
Sure we had plans... plenty of 'em. A home of our own with all
the latest things to make it more comfortable, easier to run. We'll
have that home some day. That's one reason I'm putting every dollar
I can into War Bonds.
Her's is the spirit of the women who reloaded the long rifles as
their men folks fought off the Indians... the courage that helped
build the kind of America we have today. The modern girl, with millions
of her sisters, is meeting this war's emergencies with the same
pluck.
Although she may not put it into words, she knows what she's fighting
for. The right to see a movie or read a newspaper that isn't propaganda.
The right to vote as she pleases. The right to buy products bearing
the names she knows and trusts. This freedom to choose is one of
the basic patterns of American living.
Special Purpose Steels for Tomorrow's Products.
Sheet steel is one of the most adaptable and economical of all
modern materials. After the war, manufacturers will use Armco Special
Purpose Steels to make better home equipment for the kitchen, bathroom,
laundry and furnace room. Help finish the fight -- with War Bonds.
Armco. - The American Rolling Mill Company
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34. "Those doggoned kids!" Time, July 5, 1943, p. 49.
"Give 'em a screw-driver and a pair of pliers and they'll make
anything run!"* The colonel's "kids" had come upon a broken-down
French tank abandoned before the Yanks reached North Africa. They
were told it would never run again. That was a dare to boys
who loved machinery. Whenever they could, they worked on the old
tank... Eventually, it grunted-lurched-and roared across the field!
The story of "those doggoned kids" is true and so is its peculiarly
American moral.
The boys sweated those extra hours, not at bayonet point, but freely
-- for fun and satisfaction. They saw a job to do, they rolled up
their sleeves, they pitched in on their own! Call that "free enterprise,"
call it American initiative. Whatever you call it it made America
grow!
And that same spirit built America's electric companies. Many of
the business men who manage them today were linemen, clerks, meter
readers. Ordinary folks who saw a job to do rolled up their sleeves,
pitched in... Result? Better service at lower prices! The average
American family gets twice as much electricity for its money
as it did about 15 years ago. And, at the same time --
These companies under experienced business management are supplying
over 80 per cent of America's wealth of electric power! Power for
war production. Far more power than in all the Axis countries combined!
Yes, some folks wanted to make things run -- and run smoothly!
They had the initiative. They acquired the know-how.
They were allowed to work in freedom! Know-how, freedom,
-- those are the tools in the hands of initiative! They're the "screw-driver"
and the "pliers"! ... With those two simple tools, Americans can
make anything run! Americans are doing it!
This page sponsored by a group of 114 ELECTRIC COMPANIES UNDER
AMERICAN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Don't Waste electricity just because it isn't rationed!
*Quoted from an AP despatch from Tunisia.
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35. "When You Come Back to Me" Saturday Evening Post, April
17, 1943, inside front cover
I know you will come back to me. I've never doubted that,
ever:
And when you do come back you will find, just as you left them,
everything your letters tell me you hold dear. I will be wearing
the same blue dress I wore the day you went away. And on my arm
the silver bracelet you gave me last April on our anniversary.
And, waiting for you, the children will be the first to hear the
sound of your step on the walk, and the quick way that you and only
you open and shut the old white gate. How they will run to greet
you, far out-racing my own swift step, meeting you with shouts and
laughter, before I have even reached the door.
Inside, by the warm fire in the living room, you'll find your easy
chair, your footstool and your slippers, just as they always were
each night before you went to war.
When you come back to me, you will find nothing changed. Those
at home promise that.
Here in our town your children are still free to sleep and laugh
and play... still free to look to the sky, clear-eyed and unafraid.
Our house still stands, white and lovely as it always was, and down
the street the maples march straight and tall, unwithered by the
heat of war! And every Sunday, steeple bells still ring and in our
church we still sing hymns to God.
I've told the children, and I tell my self, this is what we are
fighting for: These are the big and little things worth waiting
for. The things that make our life worth living, that make this
war worth winning.
We are so proud of you. Proud that you are making sure that hate
and greed and tyranny will never rise to threaten us again. And
we are proud to make our own sacrifices, knowing that they will
help to bring you back to us sooner.
Back home to the same town, to the same job you liked so much...
to the same America we have always known and loved.... where you
can work and plan and build... where together we can do the things
we've always dreamed of... where we and our children are free to
make our lives what we want them to be... where there are no limits
on any man's or any woman' s or any child's opportunity.
You've said, "That's the America I want when I come back... don't
change that ever... don't let anyone tamper with a way of living
that works so well."
Never fear, darling - that's the way we all want it. Everything
will be here, just as you left it, just as you want it... when you
come back to me!
Dedicated to the loved ones of America's fighting men, who, here
at home, are fighting their fight... keeping for them until they
come back, the same America they knew before they went to war.
Nash-Kelvinator Corporation, Detroit
If you would like copies of "When You Come Back to Me" for yourself
and to enclose in your next letter to someone in the fighting forces,
we will gladly send them to you upon request.
Buy War Bonds - accept rationing cheerfully - speed the day of
Victory!
Nash-Kelvinator -- In war, Builders of Pratt & Whitney Engines
and Hamilton Standard Propellors
In peace, Nash Automobiles, Kelvinator Refrigerators and Appliances.
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36. "Out of the sky comes the Earth's Great New Employer" Saturday
Evening Post, April 29, 1944, p. 89.
The brightest hope for the "bright new world" we are all working
and fighting for, is enough work to keep the dove of peace from
becoming a dead pigeon.
Nothing creates jobs so extensively as a faster, more flexible
form of transportation. The railroads in the 1850's -- the automobile
in the 1920's -- the airplane in the 1940's.
In ten years, from 1880 to '90, railroads increased Seattles
population from 3,500 to 42,000; Kansas City's from 3,000 to 37,000.
During thirteen growth years, 1921 to 1934, the automobile stimulate
over 9-1/2 million man-years of road building.
The airplane is next in line as creator of employment...
We must look to the broadest influence of faster shipping , increased
travel; to the basic changes in living conditions... Small towns
quickened by cities a hundred miles away... Large cities, ringed
with airports, growing out to them... Air freight opening fertile
trading areas, demanding extensive redesign of goods to reduce weight
and bulk...
Now let's be realistic about it. Air transportation promises so
much to so many because it begins and ends on the ground.
This is true also for what appears so simple a development as private
flying. Not until there are enough well equipped, well-controlled
ground facilities to make private flying legally permissible for
great numbers, can private planes be sold in great numbers. Aviation
experts believe America should build from 15 to 20 thousand modern
airports. Each will need highways, ground facilities, buildings.
each will cause community change, relocation and wakened commerce.
This is the stuff work is made of. This is the Air age brought
down to earth... Alcoa Aluminum
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